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「经济」一词在中文为「经世济民」或有关「经世」的才能，它包含儒学特殊的经济观，就是将道德规范的约束视作社会组织原则。

The earliest meaning of the Chinese term jingji is “to rule the world and govern the people” or the ability of governance. It reflects a unique economic perspective that was embraced by Confucianism. In this perspective, society is no more than but a conglomeration of people whose relationship is organized by ethical norms.

中国近代之所以用「经济」一词来指涉economy，与儒学将经济关系隶属于道德秩序这一传统思维模式密切相关。

The adoption of the term jingji as the translation of “economy” in modern China has its root in the Confucian blueprint for social organization in which economic order is considered to be an extension of the moral order.

新文化运动前期（1915~1919），中国知识分子接受了西方自由主义社会组织原则，即社会由独立自主的个人通过契约组成。

At the early stage of the New Culture Movement (1915~1919), Chinese intellectuals accepted the Western liberal blueprint for social organization: society is formed by independent individuals whose relationship is governed by contracts.

正是在这一时期，「经济」一词与道德脱离关系，获得了今天中文「经济」一词的含义。

It was also in this period that the term jingji became detached from morals and since then began to pick up the meaning with which we are familiar today.

但当时中国正面临引进西方代议政治的失败以及现代经济快速发展引发的社会普遍的生计危机。

However, at the same period, China was faced with the failure of the introduction of the Western system of representative government. In addition, the common people faced impoverishment, which was triggered by a rapid economic development.

这使得很多知识分子放弃自由主义社会组织原则，把社会看作由独立个人根据新道德规范组成；这是五四知识分子接受马列主义的思想史内部原因。

These events acted as the catalysts of many intellectuals’ abandonment of the liberal principle for social organization, who views the society as a group of individuals formed by the new morals and norms. This is the internal cause of the May Fourth intellectuals' acceptance of Marxism-Leninism in the perspective of intellectual history.