作品展示

Opportunities：列出企业外部的机会点，市场商机、产品新技术与服务、政经发展趋势…等等，可增加对企业或产品附加价值或有利的外部因素。就外部环境来说，机会部份可仔细思量，在市场环境中将有哪些有利条件，有助企业营运发展，如：随着潮流的演变，将有哪些新商机。

Opportunities are related to external factors of an enterprise, such as market opportunities, new technologies of products and relevant services, prospects of economic and political developments, which can increase the added value of enterprises or products and improve externally advantageous factors. As to external environments, the opportunities can be carefully considered to find advantageous conditions in the market environment to promote the development of an enterprise. For example, with the changes of the trends, what new business opportunities will appear?

Threats：企业外部的威胁点，政府政策、相关法律、未来趋势…...等等，任何可能对企业不利的外在条件。像是观察竞争对手或政府财经政策面有哪些改变，可能威胁到企业之生存，如：哪些政经环境改变将对企业造成负面的影响。

Threats are related to external factors of an enterprise, such as government policy, relevant law, and future trends. Any unfavorable external factors are threats of the enterprise. For example, what changes competitors have made or what changes the government has made regarding financial and economic policies? These changes may threat the survival of an enterprise, for instance, as to political and economic environment, what changes the government has made result in a negative impact on the enterprise.

单次或短期折价优惠能让消费者撤除防备试买产品，也有可能鼓励原来的顾客交叉购买新产品。但是开店业者并不能过度依赖折价优惠；必须从各层面考虑，因为错误的折价优惠可能会带来负面影响，反而会吸引到一些不利于公司财务的消费者，而这群人对于价格极于敏感、促销活动一结束就会消失得无影无踪。尽管销售人员想与顾客建立长期联系也很难成功。

The one-time or short-term discount can cause consumers to formally purchase products without trials and encourage regular customers to cross-buying new products. However, the shopkeeper can’t depend excessively on the discount and must make considerations from all sides because a wrong discount may lead to negative effects and attract some consumers unfavorable to the company finance, who are excessively sensitive to the price and completely disappear after sales promotion finishes. It is difficult to guarantee that salesmen can establish a long-term relationship with customers although they hope so.

采用的方法为360绩效评估法，360 度回馈是一种「多方评估Multiple-source feedback」的技术，它是针对特定个人，以包含受评者自己在内的多位评量者来进行评鉴(Tornow, 1993)。它是一种结合多元角度之评估，包括直属上司、同事、部属及管理者本身，也就是是透过管理者本身及其周围的人对其本身管理才能发展做多方面之评估，以达到较客观的结果表现。360°回馈主要的目的便是希望能够增加主管对于他的优势与劣势的了解，以做为未来发展计划的指引。

The personnel management uses the evaluation of 360-degree performance ratings. According to Tornow (1993), the 360-degree feedback is a technique of multiple-source feedback appropriate to a particular person, which is evaluated by different assessors including the person who is evaluated. The 360-degree evaluation is from various view angles, including supervisor, workmate, subordinate, and manager, i.e. the manager and relevant persons are managed by themselves and the multiple-source evaluation can be developed, and thus objective results can also be gained. The 360-degree feedback aims to enhance the understanding of the manager to his strengths and weaknesses, by which future developing plan will be guided.

从理论上来看360°评估是基于以下两个假设： (1)找出我们个人认知及其它人如何看我们之间的差异，以增加自我认知360 度回馈。 (2)自我认知的提高是作为主管最佳化其绩效的关键，也因此成为管理及领导发展计划的基础；

Theoretically, the 360-degree assessment activities are usually based on two key assumptions: (1)that awareness of any discrepancies between how we see ourselves and how others see us enhances self-awareness, and (2)that enhanced self-awareness is a key to maximum performance as a manager and thus becomes a foundation block for management and leadership development programs.